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<text id=94CT1113><title>Panama—Communications</title> <article><source>CIA Factbook</source> <hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Panama<nl>Communications</hdr><body> <list> <item><hi format=bold>Railroads:</hi> 238 km total; 78 km 1.524-meter gauge, 160 km 0.914-meter gauge <item><hi format=bold>Highways:</hi> <list style=hang> <item>• <hi format=ital>total:</hi> 8,530 km <item>• <hi format=ital>paved:</hi> 2,745 km <item>• <hi format=ital>unpaved:</hi> gravel, crushed stone 3,270 km; improved, unimproved earth 2,515 km </list> <item><hi format=bold>Inland waterways:</hi> 800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal <item><hi format=bold>Pipelines:</hi> crude oil 130 km <item><hi format=bold>Ports:</hi> Cristobal, Balboa, Colon <item><hi format=bold>Merchant marine:</hi> 3,405 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 56,011,824 GRT/89,516,566 DWT, barge carrier 1, bulk 717, cargo 1,110, chemical tanker 181, combination bulk 31, combination ore/oil 24, container 215, liquefied gas 127, livestock carrier 9, multifunction large-load carrier 5, oil tanker 437, passenger 22, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated cargo 287, roll-on/roll-off cargo 67, short-sea passenger 30, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 129 <list style=hang> <item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> all but 30 are foreign owned and operated; the top 4 foreign owners are Japan 34%, Greece 8%, Hong Kong 7%, and Taiwan 5%; other foreign owners include China at least 144 ships, Vietnam 3, Croatia 6, Cuba 4, Cyprus 4, and Russia 41 </list> <item><hi format=bold>Airports:</hi> <list style=hang> <item>• <hi format=ital>total:</hi> 118 <item>• <hi format=ital>usable:</hi> 109 <item>• <hi format=ital>with permanent-surface runways:</hi> 38 <item>• <hi format=ital>with runways over 3,659 m:</hi> 0 <item>• <hi format=ital>with runways 2,440-3,659 m:</hi> 2 <item>• <hi format=ital>with runways 1,220-2,439 m:</hi> 15 </list> <item><hi format=bold>Telecommunications:</hi> domestic and international facilities well developed; connection into Central American Microwave System; 220,000 telephones; broadcast stations—91 AM, no FM, 23 TV; 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite ground stations—2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT </list></body></article></text>